सारनाथ संग्रहालय

Sarnath, located approximately 10 kilometers from Varanasi, is a profoundly significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists worldwide. It holds an unparalleled place in history as the location where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon, "The First Turning of the Wheel of Dharma," after attaining enlightenment in Bodh Gaya. This momentous event marked the foundation of the Buddhist Sangha (community of monks) and the beginning of the propagation of his teachings. Sarnath was historically known as Mrigadava (Deer Park) or Isipatana (where holy men fell to earth). The site flourished as a major center of art, culture, and learning for centuries, notably under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, who erected numerous monuments, and through the Gupta period. The ruins were eventually destroyed by Turkic invasions and fell into neglect until archaeological excavations and the efforts of the Maha Bodhi Society in the 20th century restored its prominence.

The main tourist attractions in Sarnath include:

Deer Park (Mrigadava) and Archaeological Ruins

The term Deer Park refers to the historical forest area where the Buddha gave his first sermon. Today, it encompasses the main complex of archaeological ruins and maintained parkland. A small, modern-day Deer Park remains, established as a mini-zoo or open animal park, allowing visitors to see deer roaming freely, paying homage to its ancient name and spiritual story. The atmosphere here is purposefully serene, inviting reflection.

Dhamek Stupa: This massive, cylindrical stupa, standing over 40 meters tall, is the most impressive edifice in Sarnath. It is believed to mark the precise spot where the Buddha delivered his first discourse to his five disciples. The present structure dates back to the Gupta period (around 5th century CE), built on the foundation of an earlier Ashokan stupa. Its intricate floral and geometric carvings are a highlight.

Chaukhandi Stupa: Located slightly separate from the main complex, this stupa marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his first five disciples. The octagonal tower atop the stupa was added much later by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1588 to commemorate the visit of his father, Humayun.

Ashoka Pillar Ruins: The broken remnants of the original Ashoka Pillar, erected by Emperor Ashoka in 249 BCE, stand amidst the ruins. The pillar was originally crowned by the famous Lion Capital of Ashoka (now the National Emblem of India), which is displayed in the nearby Sarnath Archaeological Museum.

Timings for the Archaeological Ruins (Dhamek Stupa, etc.): Generally, Sunrise to Sunset (approximately 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM or 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, though times can vary seasonally). Entry Fee: There is typically an entry fee for the main complex of ruins.

Garden of Spiritual Wisdom

Located behind the Chaukhandi Stupa, the Garden of Spiritual Wisdom is a relatively newer addition to Sarnath's attractions. This theme-based garden offers a tranquil atmosphere with well-manicured lawns and an exotic landscape. It aims to convey the essence of Buddhism and Indian spirituality through a fine collection of exhibits, sculptures, and illustrative graphics. It provides a peaceful retreat and is also known for housing a separate section of Ayurvedic herbal plants.

Timings: Approximately 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM. Entry: Often free or nominal.

Other Key Tourist Attractions

Sarnath Archaeological Museum: Established to house and preserve the antiquities excavated from Sarnath, this museum is a must-visit. Its most prized possession is the original Lion Capital of Ashoka, which serves as India's National Emblem. It also displays a magnificent collection of Buddhist sculptures and artifacts dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 12th century CE, including the famous image of the Seated Buddha Preaching his First Sermon.

Timings: Generally, 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Closed on Fridays).

Entry Fee: Separate entry fee applies.

Mulagandha Kuti Vihara: A modern, exquisite Buddhist temple constructed by the Maha Bodhi Society and opened in 1931. It is believed to be built near the site of the original residence of the Buddha during his stay in Sarnath. The Vihara's interior walls are richly decorated with beautiful frescoes by Japanese artist Kosetsu Nosu, depicting key events from the Buddha's life. A Bodhi Tree, grown from a cutting of the original tree at Bodh Gaya, is also planted nearby.

Monasteries and Temples of Various Nations: Sarnath hosts several temples and monasteries built by different Buddhist countries (such as Tibetan, Thai, Japanese, and Chinese temples) in their respective architectural styles, offering a glimpse into the diverse Buddhist traditions.

Jain Temple: Sarnath is also significant for Jains, as it is the birthplace and site of the first sermon of Shri Shreyansanath, the 11th Tirthankara. A Jain temple honoring him is a notable stop.